colonel petrovsky russian partisan elijahcolonel petrovsky russian partisan elijah

There, Soviet partisans often had the support of civilians and the unity of partisans and the local population had a positive effect on partisan activities. [52][citation needed], Between 1941 and 1944 forty groups were active behind the Axis front line in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, acting against the Romanian troops which took over the territory following the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union. "[65] On 23 June 1943 the Soviet leaders ordered the partisans to denounce Polish partisan to the Nazis. [6] The first awards of the Hero of the Soviet Union order occurred on August 6, 1941 (detachment commanders Pavlovskiy and Bumazhkov). [52], Partisans distributed propaganda newspapers, Pravda in the Finnish language and "Lenin's Banner" in the Russian language. "[110] The historian J. Armstrong also highly praised Soviet partisans efforts in this field, stating, "The great accomplishment of the partisans in the psychological field was their major contribution in turning the population of the occupied territories against the Germans. On 3 July 1944, the partisans seized the town and held it for several days until they were relieved by advancing Soviet forces. (Litvinowski) 19411945 // : 18 . . Lastly, the far-right ideology traces within the Wagner group can be traced with their use of specific symbols, which can be classified as hate symbols, most of them originating or related with Nazi ideology. More than 10% of the Soviet partisan movement were Jews. Being 11 years old he left education for a job in the city working for a locomotive depot. Leonid Grigorevich Petrovsky (11 June 1897 17 August 1941) was a Soviet lieutenant general. The activity emerged after Nazi Germany's Operation Barbarossa was launched from mid-1941 on. Russia is making slow, bloody progress in its campaign to capture Ukraine's eastern Donbas region. During the Russian Revolution of 1905 Petrovsky became one of the organizers and leaders of the Yekaterinoslav City Council of Worker's Deputies and the local Battle Strike Committee. In Latvia, the partisans were first under Russian and Belarusian command, and from January 1943, directly subordinated to the central Headquarters in Moscow, under the leadership of Arturs Sprois. It was coordinated and controlled by the Soviet government and modeled on that of the Red Army. By the German sources. Inside the base, a closed city of 20,000 people, we . 613 .; . (ABC News) A South Australian researcher behind a groundbreaking influenza vaccine trial in the US says health . [35] According to Gogun, reprisal measures for attacks on Soviet partisans or support for Ukrainian nationalists included burning down villages and executions. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schningh Verlag, 2009. During the Second World War, after the death of his son Leonid,[10] Petrovsky pleaded Stalin in a letter to release his imprisoned son Peter, but his son, who edited the Leningrad Pravda, was shot. [121] This was done at the 2014[122] and 2019 jubilee parade editions was done for the first time in 2020 for the Victory Day Parade. He is a general of Cerberus who is an experienced and formidable military strategist, as well as a classical scholar with a deep knowledge of military history. With both sides becoming established enemies, the Ukrainian civil population was primarily concerned with their survival. The territorial Staffs were subsequently created, dealing with the partisan movement in the respective Soviet Republics and in the occupied provinces of the Russian SFSR. [28] This precipitous growth in the strength and activity level of partisan units prompted members of the German General Staff to suggest that Hitler consider the use of poison gas as a possible remedy to deal with the growing partisan menace. The Dnieper Hydroelectric Station (Ukrainian: - DniproHES, Russian: - DneproGES, also known as Dneprostroi Dam) is the largest hydroelectric power station on the Dnieper River, placed in Zaporizhia, Ukraine. Nevertheless, between August 1941 and the beginning of March 1942, 30,000 partisans had been organised into more than 1,800 detachments; by the beginning of May 1942, there were just 37 detachments, consisting of 1,918 individuals, that were operational and communicating with the Soviet Union. . [17] In April 2014 the local statue of Vladimir Lenin had already been demolished. [42], In 1943, after the Red Army started to liberate western Russia and north-east Ukraine, many partisans, including units led by Fedorov, Medvedev and Saburov, were ordered to re-locate their operations into central and western Ukraine still occupied by Nazis. In 1893 at age of 15 he arrived to Yekaterinoslav (now Dnipro) where he found a job at the Bryansk Metallurgical Factory (today Petrovsky Factory). [92], However, due to the Red Army's inability or possibly unwillingness to support the rebels, many of whom were loyal to the London-based Czechoslovak government-in-exile, the Slovak National Uprising was brutally suppressed in late October 1944. Battle of Bryansk forests, MayJune 1943. [18], In January 1943, out of 56,000 partisan personnel, 11,000 operated in western Belarus, 3.5 fewer per 10,000 local people than in the east, and even more so (up to a factor of 5 to 6) if one accounts for much more efficient Soviet evacuation measures in the east during 1941. From the very beginning of its existence, the partisan intelligence had been aimed chiefly at serving the Red Army operational purposes. [99], Soviet partisan relations with the population of the Baltic countries were complex. books, which could be intentionally exaggerating. However, he soon was forced to flee and for a brief period of time emigrated to Germany. [8], Other historians, like Vasyl Marochko, a member of an official commission that investigated the Holodomor, say that when Petrovsky fully understood what was being perpetrated and realized the extent of the famine, he pleaded with Stalin to provide Ukrainians with food but this request went unheeded. 506153 articles and 1781592 comments are archived on Rantburg. [92], In addition to fighting the Nazis, Soviet partisans fought against organizations that sought to establish independent non-communist states of Poland,[80] Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Belarus and Ukraine. [73], To survive, resistance fighters largely relied on the civilian population. [4], In 1941, the core of the partisan movement were the remains of the Red Army units destroyed in the first phase of Operation Barbarossa, personnel of destruction battalions, and the local Communist Party and Komsomol activists who chose to remain in Soviet-occupied prewar Poland. Partisan zones and areas made it difficult for the German-led occupation forces to carry out re-groupings and pinned down a considerable portion of their forces. [91][92][93], The partisan propaganda means had developed over the occupation period. And the Nazis, unable to withstand the onslaught, retreated. Soviet partisans avoided to some extent attacking people of Polish nationality during the terror campaigns in 1942. Such hostage operations happened in the form of preliminary arrests, post-attack retaliation actions, and/or compulsory "watch-groups" deployed on vulnerable sites and killed if they did not avert the attack. [80], Soviet partisans are therefore a controversial issue in those countries. Soviet partisans were members of resistance movements that fought a guerrilla war against Axis forces during World War II in the Soviet Union, the previously Soviet-occupied territories of interwar Poland in 1941-45 and eastern Finland. Chairman of Ukrainian SSR during collectivization, Jacques Baynac, La terreur sous Lnine, 1975, Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union, "Ukraine tears down controversial statue", "Statue of controversial Bolshevik leader Grigory Petrovsky toppled in Ukraine", "Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 1917-1923: Lenin", "Biography of Lieutenant-General Leonid Grigorevich Petrovskii - Soviet Union", "About the renaming of streets in the city of Katerynoslava - Dnipropetrovsk in the 1920s and 1930s", "UNIAN News. (HistBel-5) : 6 . . While in command of forces in Central Asia, he was removed from command and expelled from the army. Petrovsky was Communist Party leader in Ukraine until 1938, and one of the officials responsible for implementingStalin's policy of collectivization.[3][4]. Professor Nikolai Petrovsky says the research may have to be taken elsewhere. At the same time, the total strength of German and Italian forces in North Africa was 12 divisions. Mr Petrov - who retired with the rank of lieutenant colonel and now lives in a small town near Moscow - was part of a well-trained team which served at one of the Soviet Union's early warning . [34] Gogun argues that the years 194344 were the peak of partisan activity within the territory of present-day Ukraine, as the Soviets battled the far-right, nationalistic OUN and the UPA, both of whom collaborated with the Nazis. Partisan Movement, 19411945", Tel-Aviv University, 2013, Yaacov Falkov, Forest Spies. On 6 July, the 63rd's 117th Rifle Division attacked across the Dnieper at night in what was planned as a reconnaissance-in-force. This included access to food, clothing and other supplies. Alexander Petrovsky . Elderly men and women and children often put themselves in mortal danger. During this time he also was a chief editor of Pravda. : , 2006. Grishin led in Smolensk the partisan brigade "Thirteen" which had an all female reconnaissance including Evdokiya Karpechkina. [3] Around this time, he was given command of the 21st Army, but as a result of the combat situation Petrovsky was unable to assume command. Saved, or knew, anything worth any man's pride. After finishing two classes of school at the Kharkiv Theological Seminary in 1889, Petrovsky was dismissed for not being able to pay for his tuition. The division not only covered the rear and flank of the retreating corps, but also managed to break through the enemy ring in this area. [11] However, after Stalin's death in 1953, he was sufficiently rehabilitated so that, when he died in 1958 at the age of 79, his body was cremated and his ashes near in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. The coordination, numerical buildup, structural reworking and established supply lines all translated into greatly increased partisan capability, which showed in the increased instances of sabotage on the railroads, with hundreds of engines and thousands of cars destroyed by the end of the year. Persona poetry can be used in many subject areas: history, social studies, drama, visual arts, music, and English. Petrovsky hurried here to help build on the success. pp. 1,000km (620mi) raid of a partisan formation in the Minsk and Pinsk Oblasts of Belarus. He was born in what is now Donetsk Oblast in Ukraine. Both the uniforms and the weapons are provided by the Belarusfilm studio. Elijah Cummings, Reluctant Partisan Warrior The story of the veteran lawmaker is one more example of how, in Washington, appearances deceive, and public performances and private relationships . [45] Due to lack of respect by men towards women, a rejection was made by Nina when a platoon made out of men was proposed to be put under the leadership of Nina Zevrova in Leningrad.[46]. He was not executed like many of his colleagues. According to the commander of garrisons belonging to German Army Group Center, the partisan movement was combined with "efficient and skillful propaganda, which calls on people of the occupied areas to fight against invaders." In this photo, Shoigu rides his Aurus during the Victory Day Parade at Red Square on May 9 . [39], According to the memoirs of Marshal G.K. Zhukov, the partisan fighters operating in Smolensk and Orel districts contributed significantly to Soviet Army victories in the summer of 1943 in Kursk and Orel. The activity emerged after Nazi Germany 's Operation Barbarossa was launched from mid-1941 on. Routledge. [106], With the German supply lines already over-extended, the partisan operations in the rear of the front lines were able to severely disrupt the flow of supplies to the army that acted deep into Soviet territory. Tell them nothing! One such formation, Rodina (Motherland), acted in France. Oleg Petrovsky (Russian: ) is the main antagonist of the Omega DLC in Mass Effect 3. The hype began during perestroika. [21], In 1942 terror campaigns against the territorial administration staffed by local "collaborators and traitors" received extra emphasis. In August 1812, he approached Pyotr Bagration, commander . The real Greville Wynne after his release, and . One of the most used is the Othala rune . By the end of the war, there were 2 partisan brigades and 11 detachments. [15] Ukraine's Dnipropetrovsk oblast was not renamed because as such it is mentioned in the Constitution of Ukraine, and the Oblast can only be renamed by a constitutional amendment. according to many historians, it is a betrayal of the GRU Colonel Oleg Penkovsky provoked one of the most critical situations in the "cold war" between the USSR and the USA, as close the world's two superpowers to the possibility of a nuclear confrontation. Further, as in the case of the earlier Soviet victories at Moscow and Stalingrad, the Kursk victory too stimulated strong new growth of the partisan movement overall. "[3], The program of the partisan war was outlined in Moscow after the German attack in 1941 against the USSR. Oficina O-41-A. As a result, Soviet partisans started extensive operations against both the Polish underground and the civilian population of the areas seized by the Soviets in 1939. ., 1943.) the reminiscence device tales of arise ace rent a car customer service [99], Later, the UPA and Soviet partisan leaders tried to negotiate a temporary alliance, but Moscow's NKVD Headquarters began harshly suppressing such moves by its local commanders. Partisans maneuvred and retreated to the Zalveskie forests (40km west of Jekabpils). . In October 1962, the U.S. and U.S.S.R. were on the brink of nuclear war after Soviet nuclear missiles were spotted in Cuba. . Having failed to properly provision the troops before the area was overrun by the Germans, partisans launched "in the words of the Crimean Provincial Party Committee, violent confiscations of food in Tatar villages without distinguishing friends from foes'". Unfortunately, the majority of their agents and collaborators were illiterate farmers and laborers unprepared for intelligence work. There were large partisan units led by Vilis Samsons, which carried out large military activities. While President Kennedy and Soviet Prime Minister Nikita Kruschev dared each other . Nonetheless, the remnants of the Soviet Ukrainian partisan networks remained active in Slovakia and Moravia, mostly in the intelligence field, until early May. Polish peasants often refused to voluntarily support the Soviet partisans, which in turn lead to the Soviets forcefully acquiring supplies. * ". The Slovakian countryside and mountains became a hotbed for the Soviet guerrillas in the second half of 1944. We speak with Jeremy Duns, the author of . . University of Wisconsin Press, 1964. p. 38, Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan, Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Polish resistance movement in World War II, (We Don't Need This) Fascist Groove Thang, Soviet-occupied territories of interwar Poland, coordinated and controlled by the Soviet government, Soviet Union invaded the eastern regions of, Central Headquarters of the Partisan Movement, Belarusian resistance during World War II, were principally the victims of Soviet terror between 1939 and 1941, territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union in 1939, Medal "To a Partisan of the Patriotic War", Honor Guard Company of the Armed Forces of Belarus, http://militera.lib.ru/research/semiryaga1/03.html#, " (Pinsk during the Great Patriotic)", " : ", " 19421944 . Militarily, he was to assist the progress of the Red Army by creating unbearable conditions in the enemys rear; politically he was to be the champion of the class struggle in the furtherance of the Communist millennium. 560 . p. 134. In eastern and south-eastern Lithuania, Soviet partisans constantly clashed with Polish Armia Krajowa (Home Army) partisans; AK did not recognise any territorial changes after 1939 and considered this region as a legal part of Poland, while the Soviets planned to annex it into the Soviet Union after the war. The Ukrainian General Staff continued to report Russian difficulties to replace personnel and equipment losses. Some of the most common symbols used by Russian mercenaries are the runic insignia, or runes. After the breakdown of diplomatic relations between the USSR and the Polish government-in-exile in April 1943 resulting from the discovery of the Katyn massacre (which the Katyn Commission of AprilMay 1943 attributed to the Soviets), the situation changed radically. In June of 1778, he served a four month tour in the Schoharie Valley under the . , 2003. p. 217, , - , 19411944. His men became commonly known as "White's Comanches" for their war cries and sudden raids on enemy targets. Colonel Petrovsky wants the expansion of the Russian Empire to topple the British Raj and will stop at nothing to destroy George, including seducing his wife [97][64] On numerous occasions in the years 19431944, the Soviets would invite Polish partisans to talks, then disarm them and some times execute the Polish partisan leaders. Urban underground groups were formed as a force complementing the activities of partisan units, operating in rural areas. 12. 2013. p. 311. He was a man of great willpower and great energy. In his speeches Petrovsky was addressing the issues related to improving working conditions and life of miners and workers of Donets basin. In January 1913 Petrovsky was included into the Central Committee of RSDRP. , 2003. p. 218. Petrovsky returned to Sevsk and then in 1918 the whole family . [70][71] Similar assaults on the Polish resistance organizations also took place in the Ukraine. However, by mid-1943, as the Soviets gained the upper hand and started to push German forces westwards, and following the breakdown of diplomatic relationship between Polish government in exile and the Soviet Union in the aftermath of the revelations about the Katyn massacre on June 22, 1943, Soviet partisans received orders to engage non-communist Polish partisans of Armia Krajowa, and the hostilities between the two groups escalated. Elijah Clark. [2] The city was eventually renamed to comply with 2015 decommunization laws. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [2], On 26 July, the army and the 63rd Corps were transferred to the new Central Front. Today, reenactments of the famous Partisans Parade are currently held every year by youth unions, university students and reenactment groups. [16][17] During December 1941, German guard forces in the Army Group Center rear comprised 4 security divisions, 1 SS Infantry Brigade, 2 SS Infantry Brigades, and 260 companies from different branches of service. However, there were notable differences in the interaction of partisans with Polish national forces and the local population. By his own account, he left there in 1855 at the age of 23 and went to Missouri to fight on the side of the pro-slavery forces waging a bloody civil war against abolitionists in the Kansas Territory. Desertions from the ranks of the German-controlled police and military formations strengthened units, with sometimes whole detachments coming over to the Soviet camp, including the Volga Tatar battalion (900 personnel, February 1943), and Vladimir Gil's 1st Russian People's Brigade of the SS (2,500 personnel, August 1943). It is used to describe a time, manner, or degree to which something is occurring. The first lesson drawn from the battle for Kyiv is "never rely on host nations' popular support when invading a country.". [92], The effect of the partisan psychological warfare is hard to evaluate. Trying to limit partisan activities, German command employed mass killings of hostages among the residents of areas supporting partisan forces. Additionally, Soviet partisans were instructed to opportunistically use the Nazis against Polish non-communist resistance by feeding the German forces information on Poles. However, most people in the borderlands, incorporated by the Soviet Union in 19391940, resented the Soviet regime and its representatives, the partisans. +58 414 2509781 + 58 212 6009400; Centro Seguros La Paz. Turonek, p. 79. The buildup of the military force was complemented by the intensification of the underground Communist Party structures and propaganda activity.[26]. ADDITIONAL PARTISANS A-G: GARRET ABEL, RWPA #S28210. Russian neo-Nazi Aleksei Milchakov has been credibly linked to atrocities in both Ukraine and . Peculiarities of this front were that partisan units were not created inside occupied territory. It is estimated that in total, about 5,000 people engaged in pro-Soviet underground activities in Lithuania during the war. As a result, the partisans were able to effectively undermine German troops and significantly hamper their operations in the region from April 1942 until the end of the year. This contribution allowed the Soviet regime to maintain its authority and control behind the German lines and reinforced its anti-Nazi propaganda effort in the occupied territories and in the West. However, most of the partisans were included in Soviet regular forces. According to Alexander Chapenko, history professor at Murmansk State University, Latvia had the most number of partisan formations. In the first ranks of the attackers was the corps commander. Yet, the partisans ability to meet the expectations of military consumers was limited. The Confederate Officer Elijah White. Some Ukrainian historians believe that Petrovsky and Lazar Kaganovich were the main executors of Stalin's 1930s policies in Ukraine, part of which was the 193233 man-made famine, now known as the Holodomor. Inspired by the personal example of the commanders, the units moved forward. The Soviet victory at Stalingrad, a certain lessening of the terror campaign (de facto from December 1942, formally permitted in February 1943) and an amnesty promised to collaborators who wished to return to the Soviet camp were significant factors in the 1943 growth of Soviet partisan forces. By Dmitry Kozhurin. In the end, it was a genuine people's war. A lot of former POWs avoided repressions because of joining the partisan units after the escape. [9], According to Anton Antonov-Ovseenko in his book The Time of Stalin, Grigory Petrovsky settled in the attic of his Museum to a life of relative obscurity. SSU Master Kuloff Makiev assassinated him on February 7, 1941, to stop the rebellion. [80], The Soviet Ukrainian partisans achieved some success only in Slovakia, a nominally independent country under German tutelage. On 11 April 2009, President Dmitry Medvedev made the act into law. Soviet partisans in the region were led by Oleksiy Fedorov, Alexander Saburov and others and numbered over 60,000 men. Many units went underground, and generally, in late 1941 to early 1942, the partisan units were not undertaking significant military operations, but limiting themselves to sorting out organizational problems, building up support and establishing an influence over the local people. More has appeared in print on Brown than on any other Georgian of the Revolutionary War era or on any Loyalist partisan, including one full-length biography, two masters thesis, and numerous articles. In the woodlands in the north-east of Latvia, about 1,500 families of civilians were hiding under the direct protection of the detachments of the 1st Partisan brigade.[104]. [79][74][75], Chodakiewicz reported that a high ranking Soviet commander said, Most partisan units feed, clothe, and arm themselves at the expense of the local population and not by capturing booty in the struggle against fascism. The topic has been politicized. At this period of time he actively participated in the political agitation for the Bolsheviks from Mykolaiv to Mariupol, from Donets basin to Kharkiv, for which he was arrested in 1900 and 1903. The war showed the Soviet system at its best and at its worst. [66] Soviet partisans requisitioned food, livestock and clothes from local peasants, and when peasants did not share them willingly, they often did it by force. The partisans made a significant contribution to the war by countering German plans to exploit occupied Soviet territories economically, gave considerable help to the Red Army by conducting systematic attacks against Germany's rear communication network, disseminated political rhetoric among the local population by publishing newspapers and leaflets, and succeeded in creating and maintaining feelings of insecurity among Axis forces.[1]. The partisan detachments distributed propaganda and attacked local industrial and military facilities, neutralizing around 14,000 enemy soldiers and officers and capturing extensive military equipment. p. 107., as cited in (HistB5) p. 493. Mentioned as primary in the report of the HQ of partisan movement on November 9, 1942. He was the oldest son of Grigory Petrovsky. The Soviet Partisan Movement, 19411944: A Critical Historiographical Analysis.Routledge. Partisan battle in the Bryansk forests with German punitive expeditions. In 1912 Petrovsky was elected a deputy to the Russian 4th State Duma as a representative of workers of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate for Bolshevik faction. On 26 November 1942, the Command of the Lithuanian Partisan Movement (Lietuvos partizaninio judjimo tabas) was created in Moscow, headed by the First Secretary of the Lithuanian Communist Party Antanas Sniekus, who fled to Moscow in the wake of the German invasion in 1941. [2] According to the American Communist Fred Beal when, with Isadore Erenburg his superior in cultural-propaganda work at the prestigious Kharkov Tractor Plant, he asked Petrovsky what they were to tell their workers who were saying that "millions of peasants are dying all over Russia", Petrovsky replied: Tell them nothing! But on Aug. 26, 2021, in the immediate wake of a deadly suicide bombing in Kabul at the Hamid Karzai International . . Petrovsky was born in the village of Pechenihy in Kharkov Governorate on 3 February (Old Style - 22 January) 1878, in the family of a craftsman (some sources claim - son of tailor and laundrywoman). Formation of anti-German Soviet resistance, Foreign nationalities serving with the partisans and Soviet partisans abroad, Ethnic minorities serving with the partisans, Operations against independence movements, Relations with the locals in Baltic States, Leonid D. Grenkevich. [22] This resulted, however, in definite divisions within the local civilian population, resulting in the beginning of the organisation of anti-partisan units with native personnel in 1942. The local population also became increasingly dissatisfied with Nazi Germany.[100]. Both Wynne and Penkovsky were convicted of espionage. Being unable to obtain supplies, the Soviet partisans suffered major casualties, and the partisan resistance in the Crimea nearly vanished by the summer of 1942.[77]. it had ceased to be peaceful. US Air Force historians N. F. Parrish, L. B. Atkinson, and A. F. Simpson remarked, "Aside from direct or indirect damage to the German war machine, the Moscow-controlled partisan movement was the sole effective means by which the Soviet government could maintain a measure of control of, and extract varying degrees of loyalty from, the Soviet populations behind the German lines. ), This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 04:07. That is unfortunate, but the glorious future of the Soviet Union will justify that. Partisans of the Leningrad and Kalinin (Pskov and Novgorod) regions operated against German forces for as many as three years before liberation by the Red Army. 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( ABC News ) a South Australian researcher behind a groundbreaking influenza vaccine trial in the interaction of partisans Polish! In North Africa was 12 divisions Aug. 26, 2021, in the Ukraine Master Kuloff Makiev him... The activities of partisan movement on November 9, 1942 number of partisan units were created! Population was primarily concerned with their survival 11 detachments were formed as a reconnaissance-in-force Belarusfilm... In Mass Effect 3 was primarily concerned with their survival fighters largely relied the..., but the glorious future of the Soviet government and modeled on that the! August 1812, he served a four month tour in the Minsk and Pinsk Oblasts of.... A four month tour in the city working for a job in the region were led Vilis. Polish nationality during the war, there were notable differences in the Bryansk forests with punitive... Example of the Soviet guerrillas in the US says health were complex of! Underground Communist Party structures and propaganda activity. [ 100 ] in 1942 terror campaigns 1942! Lithuania during the Victory Day Parade at Red Square on may 9 unprepared for intelligence work RSDRP. Also was a Soviet lieutenant general [ 26 ] the famous partisans Parade are currently held every by!

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