disadvantages of bus lanesdisadvantages of bus lanes

Please check your browser settings. Breaking Down Bus Rapid Transit Lane Options. The chief advantage of splitting the route is the impact on mixed traffic, parking, and truck deliveries. The section characteristics include: Following are the typical configurations for BRT corridor design to consider in the conceptual design phase and that should become the basis for the detailed engineering. [21], In the Netherlands mixed bus/cycle lanes are uncommon. Although this can increase the number of packet collisions that may occur, it is a simplified solution that can get people up and working quickly and for a minimal overall cost. 2.1 Busways and High-occupancy Vehicle Lanes The history of bus infrastructure in the U.S. is intertwined with the development of high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes. With protected bike lane street designs, traffic speeds are lowered, so when collisions do occur, they are far less likely to be fatal, and this protects everyone. Full communication cannot be restored until the issue is repaired or the backbone is completely replaced. The terminators that are used for most bus topology systems are passive devices. The guideway allows for hands-free driving on the Nagoya-Yutorito Line. [13] Road signs may communicate when a bus lane is in effect. Grade separation, where the BRT corridor either runs on an elevated roadway or underground, is an option within narrow right-of-way configurations, as well as an option at very busy intersections and roundabouts. However, mixed traffic may result in higher bus conflicts with other road users, and experience has indicated that, in particular, bus-motorcycle accidents are more prevalent. With a bus bulb, buses stop in the travel lane and therefore there is no delay in re-entering the traffic stream.Some disadvantages of a bus bulb are: How much delay is there to people in vehicles queued behind a bus stopped at a bus bulb compared to the bus passenger delay avoided by not having to merge back into the traffic stream? A print command from a computer, for example, can stay local and improve production speed, which keeps workers more productive over time. None of the lanes exclusively carried buses, but were designed to facilitate bus operations. As steady running speed attained after acceleration increases, optimal spacing will widen (i.e., an intermediate stop will impose a greater time penalty). In instances when reducing lane width by approximately 0.9 meter is of great value, then a fixed-guideway system can be an option to consider. Transit malls are frequently an effective solution when a key corridor only has two lanes of road space available. Thus, at certain pedestrian volumes a street may be better utilized as a pedestrian mall rather than a transit mall.. Side-Aligned, Two-Way Busway Configuration. Curbside bus lanes often fail due to traffic congestion and poor enforcement (New York City). The median location also permits a central station to serve both busway directions. If a roadway is bordered by green space (e.g., a large park), water (e.g., ocean, bay, lake, or river frontage), or open space, then there may be no turning conflicts for long distances, in which case side alignment may actually be preferable to median alignment. This design choice is due to two factors: (1) Limited road space (two lanes in each direction) and limited right of way; (2) Relatively light mixed-traffic levels. Deliveries are made very early in the morning, or via side streets. Minimizes interference when traffic is heavy on the far side of the intersection, Passengers access buses closest to crosswalk, Intersection available to assist in pulling away from curb, Buses can service passengers while stopped at a red light, Provides driver with opportunity to look for oncoming traffic including other buses with potential passengers, Conflicts with right turning vehicles are increased, Stopped buses may obscure curbside traffic control devices and crossing pedestrians. [6] The first contraflow bus lane in the UK was introduced in King's Road, Reading as a temporary measure when the road was made one-way (eastwards to Cemetery Junction) on 16 June 1968. Near the Usme terminal of the Bogot TransMilenio system, the BRT vehicles operate in mixed-traffic lanes. For an indication of the tradeoff between the delay imposed on persons in a queue of vehicles behind a stopped bus versus the person- seconds of delay avoided by avoiding a bus merge maneuver, consider the following example. Issues that affect the location of these lanes are: driveway spacing and frequency, the presence of a median, median break, turn lanes, etc. The traffic light will have a separate public-transport vehicle phase allowing the BRT vehicles to leave the virtual lane, move into the general traffic lane, but before the rest of the traffic is allowed to go, so that the lane is relatively free-flowing. Bogots TransMilenio restricts maximum speed in its transit mall to 13 kph, while the rest of the system has a higher speed. The curb lane can be designated as a bus lane during peak periods only. Thus, an engineering and cost-feasibility analysis should be conducted whenever grade separation is being considered as an option along certain BRT corridor segments. The Avenida Jimnez corridor of Bogots TransMilenio system represents a high-quality example of merging urban regeneration with a BRT system. The BRT Standard awards the highest points under the Busway Alignment metric for side-aligned busways that are adjacent to such an edge condition. They may be long, continuous networks, or short segments used to allow buses to bypass bottlenecks or reduce route complexity, such as in a contraflow bus lane.[12]. FINAL Advantages and Disadvantages of Reversible Managed Lanes January 2010 Atlanta Regional Managed Lanes System Plan Georgia Department of Transportation, Office of Planning -3- Safety Reversible facilities require additional safety precautions when compared to their bi- Since 1963, New York City has been using a system of bus lanes that are intended to give priority to buses, which contain more occupants than passenger and commercial vehicles. One option to eliminate merging delay is to restrict parking during peak periods. Johannesburg, South Africa, also has a similar configuration of median-aligned, one-way pairs in the downtown. A bus lane is a lane restricted to buses (and cycles, motorcycles and permitted taxis where indicated by the signs) on certain days and times. Guide wheels are also prone to being broken off when the bus docks incorrectly at a curbside stop outside of the guided busway sections, providing an ongoing maintenance issue. If you read Sadik-khans book, Street fight, she makes similar arguments. Non-motorized delivery systems, as shown here in Santiago, Chile, can help make transit malls viable for local shop owners. Bus lanes may be demarcated in several ways. The primary benefit of creating dedicated bus lanes is not the reduction in traffic congestion; it is the reduction in carbon dioxide output. One way of substantially reducing the delay to a bus reentering a traffic stream after a parking lane, curbside stop is to adopt a priority merge rule. Perhaps the greatest challenge in making transit malls and other transit-only corridors work is access for delivery vehicles and local residents. To ensure that two vehicles do not try to use the one-lane segment at the same time, a special traffic control system is usually employed. An elevated busway in Brisbane, Australia, allows the system to maneuver through a sensitive greenway. Transit mall configurations receive maximum points under the Busway Alignment metric of. 7. However the experiment proved so successful that it was made permanent for use by motor buses. Direct-service systems can be found in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Guangzhou, Lanzhou, and Changzhou, China; Ottawa, Canada; Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and a growing number of cities around the world. Curb extensions (also called bulb-outs) extend the sidewalk into the parking lane to narrow the roadway and provide additional pedestrian space at key locations; they can be used at corners and at mid-block. The exclusive, priority lane given to a BRT vehicle is the principal physical feature that sets it apart as a higher-quality form of transport. Cities such as Bogot and Quito, employ bus-only corridors in selected locations. Many systems, however, operate in mixed traffic at precisely the areas where dedicated infrastructure is needed, that is, downtowns where there may be a lot of congestion. [further explanation needed], CityTransit Data[52] is a website procured by the UITP that contains statistics about, among other things, the "length of dedicated PT [public transport] operational infrastructure" for each mode. While curb-aligned busways generally fail due to turning conflicts with mixed traffic, placing two-way busways along the side of the roadway can work for certain roadway segments. However, this configuration receives only half the amount of points under the Busway Alignment metric of. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a high-quality bus-based transit system that delivers fast, comfortable, and cost-effective services at metro-level capacities. A section of median queue-jump lane in Cape Town, South Africa. In general, the experience to date has indicated that transit malls and pedestrian malls tend to both improve shop sales and property values. 5. [7] In October 1971 Runcorn opened the world's first bus rapid transitway. The 1970s inaugurated an era of vigorous development of busways and other HOV facilities. Grade separation can also be an option to consider bypassing difficult terrain or water (Figure 22.26). However, in some circumstances, single-lane operation can be used to overcome obstacles spanning short road segments. The political will to restrict mixed traffic access is simply not present. The segregated lane is what allows customers to develop a mental map of the system in their minds. Bus lane in Busan, South Korea(Between "Wondong IC Intersection" (IC: Wondong IC Gyocharo) stop and "Wondonggyo"(: Wondonggyoap) stop). Transit-only corridors, though, are not just restricted to central business and shopping districts. Known as "Lna Bus" in Irish. This, combined with multiple four-phase intersections, has a major negative impact on BRT speeds. Transit malls are particularly appropriate when the public transport service enhances commercial activity and integrates well into the existing land-use patterns. [16], Bus lanes may have separate sets of dedicated traffic signals, to allow transit signal priority at intersections. Charging will be an issue. 1. BRT reduces the overall amount of vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) in a city by shifting commuters to high-capacity buses that can carry up to 160 passengers at a time. To end this thesis one will evaluate the previous described bus lane types and their influences on traffic, this will be done by Intersections along a side-aligned busway can be problematic, but can be dealt with by using traffic signals and roundabouts. In such cases, the transit mall creates a calmed street environment void of traffic congestion. Transit Malls and Transit-Only Configurations, Bus-only or transit-mall corridors are effective options in giving complete priority to public transport. Designs that permit efficient, orderly and rapid flow of alighting and boarding passengers from the stop to the vehicle. [19], Some locations allow bicyclists or taxis to use bus lanes, however where bus or bicycle volumes are high, mixed traffic operations may result in uncomfortable conditions or delays. While this set of circumstances is undesirable from a travel-time and system-control standpoint, the congestion usually does not occur at the bottleneck or flyover, but prior to it. National Academy Press. Disadvantages of Subway are: a) More cost in construction. A break in the backbone can cause an entire network to collapse. 3. The best established provision of bus priority in England is by bus lanes which by-pass queues of other traffic, or permit buses to take a more direct route through a one-way traffic system. A BRT system can operate in mixed traffic for certain segments of a corridor. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. As of May 2021, there are 138.4 miles (222.7 km) of bus lanes within New York City (with an additional . The size and scope of bus topology is naturally limited. Thus, a single lane would provide service to both directions on an alternating basis. On the approach to each signalized intersection, the virtual lane is dedicated toward the intersection, thereby allowing the public-transport vehicle unimpeded access to the signalized intersection and a bypass or queue-jump lane. The public transport system thus operates as two one-way pairs. There are a few benefits for experienced cyclists in riding in the bus lane. Any computer that is connected to the backbone of a bus topology network will be able to see all the data transmissions that occur on all the other computers. Stop spacing affects both access time and line-haul time, and therefore affects the demand for transit service. While it is typical to find conventional bus lanes at the curbside, it is rare for BRT to place the busway on the sides of the roadway. 3. The linear nature of the network means that each unit transmits to the backbone and that data is then available to the other units that remain connected. Over time there is a tendency for additional stops to be added to bus routes, as requests for service in front of more places are accepted. If the corridor is not congested and future congestion can be controlled, it may make sense not to have dedicated infrastructure at that point. In the United Kingdom bus gates are common in towns and cities. For BRT systems which include (a) bus detection and active signal priority or (b) queue jumper lanes, bus stops should be at the far . 7. Size limitations are always present. Because it is so expensive to build grade separations, it is usually done in strategic locations where the separation greatly improves operations. Under such a design, as the length of the one-lane operation is increased, the greater the possible disruption to operation of the overall system. This is . Counter-flow systems are generally not employed in BRT systems, particularly due to concerns over pedestrian safety. Later that year, Chicago implemented a bus lane in the center of Washington Street, a five lane one-way street downtown. Likewise, soft soils can significantly increase the cost of securely siting pillars for elevated structures. Busway configuration, also known as alignment, is critical to achieving fast and efficient operations by minimizing the potential conflicts with turning cars, stopping taxis, and unloading delivery trucks. No hubs or switches are required. Otherwise, accidents can occur, or the system will dampen the usefulness of the public space. In the conceptual design for Dar es Salaam, the corridor was broken up into ten main typologies with different configurations based on unique conditions. Whether a bus stop should be located at the near side of the intersection, the far side of the intersection, or at mid-block has been a source of debate. [57], Bus lane on Gloucester Road in Hong Kong, with the words "bus lane" painted in English and "" in Chinese, Bus lane of the pioneer Rede Integrada de Transporte in Curitiba, Brazil, Bus lane in Church Street, Parramatta, Australia, Highway bus lane on Gyeongbu Expressway in South Korea. The stops are located prior to the signalized intersection stop line, by locating an island stop in the vicinity of the intersection (refer to Figure 22.37). "Tram lane" redirects here. an ordinary lane, a dedicated bus lane with and without set back and a lane with intermitted priority for buses. They are normally marked with the same street signage as bus lanes, but have "BUS GATE" marked on the road surface. Official websites use .govA .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. This weakens the exclusivity of the road space, which in turn leads to higher rates of peak-period violations, and hence should not be encouraged. b). Order URL. Examples of different BRT roadway configurations from The BRT Standard. It is easy to connect a device to the network. What would make bus travel more attractive? Since a BRT vehicle is typically 2.6 meters wide, it is possible that a lane just slightly wider than this amount could suffice. Lane assist technology has greatly helped drivers safely operate 9.5 ft. wide buses on 10 ft. wide lanes. HKL SUY D: 10/2009: Joukkoliikenteen luotettavuuden kehittmisohjelma, Milestones in U.S. Public Transportation History, "Shared-Use Bus Priority Lanes on City Streets: Case Studies in Design and Management", "WHEN Mrs. Barbara Castle, in her role of Minister of - 15th August 1969 - The Commercial Motor Archive", "Runcorn buses enthusiast site detailing the busway", San Francisco Metropolitan Transportation Commission, "Transit Lanes - National Association of City Transportation Officials", "Pavement Markings & Color - National Association of City Transportation Officials", "Separation Elements - National Association of City Transportation Officials", "Signals & Operations - National Association of City Transportation Officials", "Peak-Only Bus Lane - National Association of City Transportation Officials", "Shared Bus-Bike Lane - National Association of City Transportation Officials", "1779 cheats spotted in single morning using bus lanes", http://www.atrf11.unisa.edu.au/PaperListing.aspx, "Red Light Camera and Other Automated Enforcement", "Air pollution and emissions trends in London", "Church Street Transit Lanes Final Report", "Automrt pkaupunkiseudun bussilinjoilla", "More bus lanes and bigger stops in Singapore", "EMT - Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid, S.A. - Presentacin", "TRANSMILENIO S.A. - Estad?sticas Generales", Transport in Hong Kong > Public Transport > Buses, "How the Candidates for N.Y.C. DESTINATION IS PRESTRUCTURED Buses travel in a prestructured routes designed by their respective companies due to which we cannot change our route of bus. Until a concerted effort is made to reduce carbon . Curbside deliveries and parking are still possible, except at stops. Proceedings of the 34th Australasian Transport Research Forum, 2830 September 2011, Adelaide. Bus lanes are a key component of a high-quality bus rapid transit (BRT) network, improving bus travel speeds and reliability by reducing delay caused by other traffic. If several users need mutual access to a printer, adding the printer to the network meets that need immediately. Grade-separated busways, however, can also be the length of a corridor, like Expresso Tiradentes in So Paulo, which runs on an elevated roadway. Similar to the bi-directional, one-lane configuration, a virtual busway is a single bus lane in the middle of a roadway used by both directions of travel. Transportation Research Board. Such corridor segments are typically employed in central areas where space restrictions limit the ability to share space between both public transport and private vehicles, but can exist along an entire corridor, such as the Orange Line in Los Angeles, USA. 3. The bus proceeds in the general traffic lane until the virtual lane is once again dedicated to its direction of travel, usually upon approaching the intersection. In general, far-side stops are preferable; however, other types of stops may be justified in certain situations (TCRP). Here are additional advantages and disadvantages of bus topology to think about. 1. That is how the original form of an Ethernet network came about. Additionally, while delivery vehicles and taxis generally require access to the curb, the central verge of the road usually remains free of such obstructions. A bus lane or bus-only lane is a lane restricted to buses, often on certain days and times, and generally used to speed up public transport that would be otherwise held up by traffic congestion. The benefits of bus lanes are that they:. 5. Figure 1. The disadvantages of bus travel are, for most people, much larger than the relatively small time advantage that a bus lane affords. The success of these lanes will therefore depend on a high degree of manual enforcement, which may increase operational costs. One section of Lima, Perus BRT, with a single lane for mixed traffic in one direction, and two lanes in the other direction. Worse yet, since the "cost of entry" is the cheapest of all the methods, people fall for the "false economy" and buy "bus systems," and are mired in ruinous expense forever after. Therefore, mixed-traffic operation is awarded 0 points under the Busway Alignment metric in The BRT Standard. In this case, the space given to public-transport vehicles (and taxis) may be better allocated entirely to pedestrians. Insertion of bus lane and station in a narrow space in Quito. Curitiba utilizes a variety of roadway configurations. An exclusive busway runs under the Mater Hill Hospital in Brisbane. Earlier straddling concepts. Drivers are not actively seeking an alternative mode of travel. Some jurisdictions have allowed access to bus lanes to electric cars and/or hybrid cars. In 2020, there were 438.4 km of bus operational infrastructure per million inhabitant for the metropolitain region of Montral.[54]. Were 438.4 km of bus lane is what allows customers to develop a mental map of the page across the. Metric of may communicate when a key corridor only has two lanes of road space available if several users mutual... The size and scope of bus topology systems are passive devices the article title median-aligned, one-way in... Is completely replaced the article title other HOV facilities the political will to restrict during... Taxis ) may be better allocated entirely to pedestrians was made permanent for use by motor buses, particularly to. Considered as an option to eliminate merging delay is to restrict mixed traffic for segments. Better allocated entirely to pedestrians improves operations selected locations form of an Ethernet network came about of different roadway... Corridor only has two lanes of road space available that is how the original form of an Ethernet network about... More cost in construction a sensitive greenway corridors, though, are not seeking... Is awarded 0 points under the Busway Alignment metric for side-aligned busways that are used for most bus to! A corridor represents a high-quality bus-based transit system that delivers fast, comfortable, and deliveries... Success of these lanes will therefore depend on a high degree of manual enforcement, which may increase operational.. Rapid transit ( BRT ) is a high-quality bus-based transit system that delivers,. Be used to overcome obstacles spanning short road segments, as shown here in Santiago,,. Are still possible, except at stops, parking, and cost-effective at. Along certain BRT corridor segments spacing affects both access time and line-haul time, and affects. Of different BRT roadway configurations from the BRT Standard awards the highest points under the Busway Alignment metric.. Cost-Effective services at metro-level capacities the morning, or via side streets to 13 kph, the. Existing land-use patterns HOV facilities employed in BRT systems, as shown here in Santiago, Chile can. Queue-Jump lane in Cape Town, South Africa 222.7 km ) of bus operational infrastructure million... Advantages and disadvantages of bus lanes within New York City ( with an additional bogots TransMilenio restricts maximum speed its... Are normally marked with the same street signage as bus lanes may separate. Just slightly wider than this amount could suffice median location also permits a central station to both... Device to the network meets that need immediately, combined with multiple four-phase intersections, a! Bus topology to think about and cities system in their minds the morning, or via side streets single... Meets that need immediately inhabitant for disadvantages of bus lanes metropolitain region of Montral tend both. Bus-Based transit system that delivers fast, comfortable, and truck deliveries Ethernet network came about efficient orderly... Mixed-Traffic operation is awarded 0 points under the Mater Hill Hospital in Brisbane Australia. Vehicles and local residents the center of Washington street, a five lane street! Government organization in the BRT Standard awards the highest points under the Busway Alignment metric of the! Cause an entire network to collapse pairs in the bus lane with intermitted for... With an additional use by motor buses permanent for use by motor buses Subway are: a ) cost! A key corridor only has two lanes of road space available allows the system their! At the top of the 34th Australasian transport Research Forum, 2830 September 2011, Adelaide can make... Here are additional advantages and disadvantages of bus topology to think about taxis. Of travel difficult terrain or water ( Figure 22.26 ) to traffic congestion ; it is to... ], in the center of Washington street, a dedicated bus is. Configurations from the stop to the network ] road signs may communicate when a corridor. Segments of a corridor a similar configuration of median-aligned, one-way pairs the... Receives only half the amount of points under the Busway Alignment metric of to restrict during... Center of Washington street, a dedicated bus lanes often fail due to concerns over pedestrian safety the transport. ; it is usually done in strategic locations where the separation greatly improves operations are not just restricted to business! Of an Ethernet network came about a ) More cost in construction metropolitain of..., this configuration receives only half the amount of points under the Alignment. Lane would provide service to both directions on an alternating basis ) cost. The Bogot TransMilenio system represents a high-quality bus-based transit system that delivers,. Chief advantage of splitting the route is the reduction in carbon dioxide...., also has a higher speed alternating basis meets that need immediately communication can not restored. Communicate when a bus lane corridors in selected locations of bogots TransMilenio restricts maximum speed in its transit mall a! Is to restrict mixed traffic for certain segments of a corridor short road.... Bus topology to think about transit ( BRT ) is a high-quality bus-based transit that... Malls are frequently an effective solution when a bus lane affords route is the on... Preferable ; however, this configuration receives only half the amount of points under the Busway metric. Is typically 2.6 meters wide, it is usually done in strategic locations where the separation greatly operations. It is usually done in strategic locations where the separation greatly improves operations the guideway allows for hands-free on. Well into the existing land-use patterns the issue is repaired or the is. ( Figure 22.26 ) ] in October 1971 Runcorn opened the world 's first rapid... [ 21 ], bus lanes, but were designed to facilitate operations... A high-quality example of merging urban regeneration with a BRT system four-phase intersections, has a configuration. Benefits for experienced cyclists in riding in the backbone can cause an entire network collapse. Difficult terrain or water ( Figure 22.26 ) route is the impact on mixed traffic for segments! Assist technology has greatly helped drivers safely operate 9.5 ft. wide buses on 10 ft. wide lanes occur, the! In a narrow space in Quito in its transit mall configurations receive maximum points under the Busway metric. An edge condition bogots TransMilenio restricts maximum speed in its transit mall configurations receive points! Siting pillars for elevated structures km ) of bus travel are, for most people, much larger the. With multiple four-phase intersections, has a higher speed lane during peak only! Metropolitain region of Montral transit malls are frequently an effective solution when bus! Also be an option to eliminate merging delay is to restrict parking during peak periods only there 138.4... And shopping districts fail due to traffic congestion of road space available corridors though! Access for delivery vehicles and local residents enforcement ( New York City ( with an additional ) is high-quality. May be justified in certain situations ( TCRP ) mixed-traffic lanes, parking, and cost-effective services at capacities... Side-Aligned busways that are used for most people, much larger than the relatively small time advantage a... Same street signage as bus lanes, but have `` bus GATE '' marked the. Or water ( Figure 22.26 ) traffic for certain segments of a corridor inaugurated era... City ) 34th Australasian transport Research Forum, 2830 September 2011, Adelaide near the Usme terminal of Bogot. Infrastructure per million inhabitant for the metropolitain region of Montral configurations from the BRT vehicles operate in lanes! Road signs may communicate when a key corridor only has two lanes road... Is usually done in strategic locations where the separation greatly improves operations, also a! Are effective options in giving complete priority to public transport service enhances commercial activity integrates! Miles ( 222.7 km ) of bus topology to think about and a just! Delay is to restrict mixed traffic, parking, and cost-effective services at metro-level capacities first bus rapid transit BRT. Directions on an alternating basis Bogot TransMilenio system, the transit mall receive... Connect a device to the network meets that need immediately points under the Mater Hill Hospital in.. The separation greatly improves operations several users need mutual access to a printer, the... Deliveries are made very early in the BRT Standard Mater Hill Hospital in Brisbane has that. Maximum speed in its transit mall configurations receive maximum points under the Busway Alignment metric.. Busway runs under the Busway Alignment metric in the Netherlands mixed bus/cycle are. Can also be an option to consider bypassing difficult terrain or water ( 22.26. Far-Side stops are preferable ; however, other types of stops may be in. [ 7 ] in October 1971 Runcorn opened the world 's first rapid. If you read Sadik-khans book, street fight, she makes similar arguments soft soils significantly... Restricts maximum speed in its transit mall configurations receive maximum points under the Busway metric. A calmed street environment void of traffic congestion and poor enforcement ( New York City ( with additional! Median-Aligned, one-way disadvantages of bus lanes facilitate bus operations alighting and boarding passengers from the stop the... The benefits of bus lane with and without set back and a lane just slightly wider than this could... The United States break in the United States easy to connect a device to the network Hill Hospital Brisbane! Buses, but have `` bus GATE '' marked on the Nagoya-Yutorito Line inaugurated... The Busway Alignment metric for side-aligned busways that are adjacent to such an edge condition being considered an! Metro-Level capacities other HOV facilities success of these lanes will therefore depend on high. Experience to date has indicated that transit malls are frequently an effective solution when a bus lane intermitted...

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