The bull panicked, threw Ampelus and gored him to death. However, in the science fiction book The First Men on the Moon by H.G. Though Selene had many consorts, the most famous of them was Endymion, a handsome young mortal. [114] From Pausanias, we learn that Selene and Helios also framed the birth of Aphrodite on the base of the Statue of Zeus at Olympia. https://mythopedia.com/topics/selene, Avi Kapach is a writer, scholar, and educator who received his PhD in Classics from Brown University. This irritated Endymion, and enraged Selene, who transforms the girl into a fly (Ancient Greek: , romanized:mua). Although in most myths, the Horae appear to be triads born of Zeus and Themis, in this particular incarnation they were the daughters of Selene and Helios. Nonnus, Dionysiaca 12.1ff (who names Helios as the father of the Horae but does not name the mother). Selene featured in few myths, with the most famous ones being the tales that tell of her lovers: Zeus, Pan and the mortal Endymion. The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. In rarer traditions, she is the daughter of the Titan Pallas. Selene is probably most famous for her love of Endymion, a handsome young man from Asia Minor (though some said that he was from Elis). Her fifty daughters with Endymion marked the fifty lunar months that passed between celebrations of the Olympiad. Because Basileia's other brothers envied these offspring, and feared that Hyperion would try to seize power for himself, they conspired against him. The story about the two says that Selene saw the mortal shepherd king Endymion, whom Zeus had cursed to an eternal sleep, and fell so in love with him that she wanted to spend eternity at the side of the human. Each day she drives her two-horse chariot, heralding the breaking of the new day and her brother's arrival. But Selene was also called by many generic epithets that were used for other goddesses as well, including (euplokmos, she of the beautiful hair), (leuklnos, white-armed), (glaukpis, gray-eyed, bright-eyed, an epithet most commonly associated with Athena), and (kyanpis, dark-eyed, essentially the opposite of glaukpis). The great English Romantic poet John Keats wrote a poem about the mortal, entitled Endymion, with some of the most famous opening lines in the English language. Omissions? So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. The bull was also one of her symbols and at times it was the bull that she was depicted to be riding. The name Selene is also quite popular in the English-speaking world. The light that humans saw from earth emanate from them, a legacy of their lustrous father. [122] As frequently depicted on Roman sarcophagi, Selene, holding a billowing veil forming a crescent over her head, descends from her chariot to join her lover, who slumbers at her feet. If your web page requires an HTML link, please insert this code: . If you thought Artemis was the Greek goddess of the moon, you are only partially right. In later times, Selene was often associated with Artemis in the same way that her brother Helios was associated with Artemis brother Apollo. Her appearance matched the night sky she drove through. Seln) was also the ancient Greek word meaning moon. The etymology is uncertain, but it appears to be related to the Greek word (slas, light) and the Proto-Indo-European word *l(o)uksneh- (moon), from which we also derive the Latin word for moon, luna. Selene was said to have several consorts but the man that the goddess of the moon was most linked with was the mortal Endymion. But the Greek cult of Selene grew more and more prevalent towards the end of the Hellenistic period (32331 BCE). Along with Selenes siblings, the moon goddess suppressed her light so that the mighty Titanan goddess could not find a herb that would reputedly make the Giants invincible. [158] HMS Selene (P254), a 1944 British submarine and Ghia Selene, a concept car from the Ghia design studio from 1959, also bore her name. [127] Selene (along with Helios, Nyx and others) received an altar at the sanctuary of Demeter at Pergamon, possibly in connection with the Orphic mysteries. Selene (probably) and Helios adorned the east pediment of the Parthenon, where the two, each driving a four-horsed chariot, framed a scene depicting the birth of Athena, with Helios and his chariot rising from the ocean on the left, and Selene and her chariot descending into the sea on the right. Although she counts as a goddess in her own right, Selene often gets associated with archer goddess, Artemis, who is also a moon goddess. [68] However, the first account of the story comes from the third-century BC Argonautica of Apollonius of Rhodes, which tells of Selene's "mad passion" and her visiting the "fair Endymion" in a cave on Mount Latmus:[69], And the Titanian goddess, the moon, rising from a far land, beheld her [Medea] as she fled distraught, and fiercely exulted over her, and thus spake to her own heart: By all accounts, Selene seemed to have played a major role in this war. Pandia Usually said to be the daughter of Selene and Zeus, Pandia was also sometimes given as another name for Selene herself. Eventually, she became identified with Artemis, goddess of the wilderness, who was sometimes associated with the moon. Selene is a Goddess in herself, but she is often associated with Artemis, the archer Goddess. What are Hades Powers that are Really Scary? Her lunar sphere or crescent was either a crown set upon her head or the fold of a raised, shining cloak. With his sister, the Titaness Theia, Hyperion fathered Helios (the Sun), Selene (the Moon) and Eos (the Dawn).. Hyperion was, along with his son Helios, a personification of the sun, with the two sometimes . 1. Witchcraft has long been believed to have had a connection with the moon and it was no different in antiquity. [27], In late accounts, Selene (like the moon itself) is often described as having horns. Selene, goddess of the moon, truly represented the moon itself to the Greeks. Selene visited the sleeping Endymion where he lay alone in a cave everyday and had fifty daughters with him, the Menai, the personification of the Greek lunar months. The poem describes the radiant light that shines from her head and calls her bright Selene. The moon goddess is described as white armed goddess and bright tressed queen and the poem celebrates her loveliness. [88], Ampelus was a very beautiful satyr youth, loved by the god Dionysus. [58] In some later accounts the chariot was drawn by oxen or bulls. Selene herself most often wore a crown of gleaming silver, which matched her silver chariot. It was devoted to Selene, under the name Pasiphae, and to Helios. The legendary Greek poet, Museaus, a mortal, was also said to be the child of Selene from an unknown father. [134], Selene was sometimes associated with childbirth, for it was believed that during the full moon women had the easiest labours; this helped in her identification with the goddess Artemis,[138] as well as other goddesses connected to women's labours. Selene was the Greek goddess of the moon. The moon goddess and Artemis were occasionally shown as companions. [29] Empedocles, Euripides and Nonnus all describe her as (glaukpis, "bright-eyed", a common epithet of the goddess Athena)[30] while in a fragment from a poem, possibly written by Pamprepius, she is called (kyanpis, "dark-eyed"). She and her brother did not just pull the chariots of their respective orbs through the sky. Her chariot was made of shining silver, bringing soft, clear light each night. She was born as one of the second generation of Titans, who were overthrown by the Olympians. Does the sculpted girl speak to women too?" Eos represented the warm light that could be seen coming up above the horizon before the sun appeared in full. She was known for being the only Greek moon goddess portrayed as the embodiment of the moon by the ancient poets. Like every celestial goddess , there was a yin to Selene's yang; In this case, there were two yins. How old is the United States of America? Helios was married to Perse, but he had quite a few extramarital affairs, and a number of children . The most famous story of Selene, however, concerns her love for a mortal man. The goddess Selene was the daughter of Titius Hyperion and Theia. The ancient Greeks believed that a lunar eclipse was the work of a witch, particularly the witches of Thessaly. [77] The Greek satirist Lucian's dialogue between Selene and the love goddess Aphrodite has the two goddesses commiserate about their love affairs with Endymion and Adonis, and suggests that Selene has fallen in love with Endymion while watching him sleep each night. [78] In his dialogue between Aphrodite and Eros, Lucian also has Aphrodite admonish her son Eros for bringing Selene "down from the sky". [10] The Greek Stoic philosopher Chrysippus interpreted Selene and Men as, respectively, the female and male aspects of the same god. Her lunar sphere or crescent was either a crown set upon her head or the fold of a raised, shining cloak. Selene herself, upon discovering this, took her own life. 14)" in, Osborne, Robin, "Looking on Greek Style. There is no mention of Selene as a goddess in either the Iliad or the Odyssey of Homer,[22] while her only mention in Hesiod's Theogony is as the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, and sister of Helios and Eos. That haunted cave [on Mount Latmos] of fair-haired Nymphai (Nymphs) where, as Endymion slept beside his kine, divine Selene watched him from on high, and slid from heaven to earth; for passionate love drew down the immortal stainless queen of night. Selene's Roman name was Lunar. In this aspect she was closely associated with Dionysus. [33] The Homeric Hymn to Helios follows this tradition: "Hyperion wedded glorious Euryphassa, his own sister, who bare him lovely children, rosy-armed Eos and rich-tressed Selene and tireless Helios",[34] with Euryphassa ("widely shining") probably being an epithet of Theia. the crescent moon, full moon, and dark moon, as delinted by the divisions of the calendar month).[154]. [5], Selenes moon chariotsimilar to the sun chariot of her brother Helios and the dawn chariot of her sister Eoswas probably her most distinctive and consistent attribute. In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Selene (/slini/; Greek: pronounced[seln], meaning "Moon"[2]) is the personification of the Moon. Many people believed that labor and childbirth was easiest during the full moon and prayed to Selene for aid. Whatever his profession, the handsome young man frequently slept beneath the open sky. [128], Originally, Pandia may have been an epithet of Selene,[129] but by at least the time of the late Hymn to Selene, Pandia had become a daughter of Zeus and Selene. iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order What Were the Hamadryads in Greek Mythology? [148] Records show that a type of cake called (bos, "ox") decorated with horns to represent the full moon or an ox was offered to her and other divinities like Hecate, Artemis and Apollo. Hill, D. E. "THE THESSALIAN TRICK." Is the Mother of Castor and Pollux a Goddess? In fact, there were several female deities who shared this domain. The name of the moon goddess is surrounded by accounts of the consorts she had and their children. Accessed March 1, 2023. [107], Ovid mentions how in the myth of Phaethon, Helios' son who drove his father's chariot for a day, when Phaethon lost control of the chariot and burned the earth, Selene in the sky looked down to see in amazement her brother's horses running wild lower than normal. (2022, December 7). 500450 BCE. [76] The Roman playwright Seneca, has Selene abandoned the night sky for Endymion's sake having entrusted her "shining" moon chariot to her brother Helios to drive. Selene - or Luna as the Romans called her - is the goddess of the moon, driving a horse-drawn chariot across the night sky. [90], When Zeus desired to sleep with the mortal queen Alcmene and sire Heracles, he made the night last three days, and ordered Selene via Hermes to dawdle in the sky during that time. And if Selene and Helios did not work together, as the personifications of the moon and the sun, there would be absolute chaos in the world. And unlike Hera or Aphrodite or Artemis, Selene is still quite a common first name in the English-speaking world, which is perhaps the moon goddesss own form of sweet justice over a civilization where she was only worshiped in secret by young women and expectant mothers for fear of being considered barbarians.. Helios was one of the Titans, son of Hyperion and Theia and brother of Eos (the Dawn) and Selene (the Moon ). In some versions of the story, the goddess abandoned her duty and left the night sky so she could be with the man she loved. Endymion was, depending on the source, a prince in exile or a simple shepherd. Finally, although this account is more in doubt, some stories say that Selene and her brother Helios together birthed one of the generations of the Horae, the goddesses of the seasons. I have been in love with all things related to Mythology. Another myth describes how Selene held her own against the monster Typhoeus when he attacked the gods. Like Artemis, Selene was sometimes called Phoebe, a name that means bright one.. These two goddesses have additional association with Hecate. The second Japanese lunar orbiter spacecraft following was named SELENE (Selenological and Engineering Explorer) after Selene, and was also known as Kaguya in Japan. [118], Selene is commonly depicted with a crescent moon, often accompanied by stars; sometimes, instead of a crescent, a lunar disc is used. Mason-Dixon Line In Greek mythology, Selene was the Titan goddess of the moon. In many paintings and sculptures, Selene is traditionally depicted with the crescent moon in her vicinity. [40][41] Furthermore, in Virgil's Aeneid, when Nisus calls upon Selene/the Moon, he addresses her as "daughter of Latona. Their daughter Eos was the first to appear each day. [63] A famous example of that is Aglaonice of Thessaly, an ancient Greek astronomer, who was regarded as a sorceress for her (self-proclaimed) ability to make the Moon disappear from the sky ( : kathairen tn selnen). Like most of the Titans, Selene was rarely worshipped in the ancient world. Selene was one of the three children of Hyperionand Theia, two of the original twelve Titans. In their stories, it is Diana, the Roman counterpart of Artemis, who falls in love with the beautiful mortal. Greek months began with the first new moon and were organized into three ten-day weeks that roughly followed the progression of the lunar cycle. [8] The masculine form of mene (men) was also the name of the Phrygian moon-god Men. After all, mythology is storytelling at its finest. [8], Selene began appearing in the visual arts around the early fifth century BCE. [28], Another version is known only from Lucian, a satirical writer from the second century CE. Though Selene had many consorts, the most famous of them was Endymion, a handsome young mortal. They put Hyperion to the sword, and drowned Helios in the river Eridanus. The first mention of the moon goddess in Greek mythology was probably in the Homeric Hymns. Most famous classical poets describe her beauty as so intriguing that gods and mortals alike could not resist her godly charms. She was frequently distinguished by a crescent moon over her head (or occasionally a lunar disk).[9]. How Did Uranus get its Name as Per Greek Mythology? Mene The personification of the months was sometimes an aspect of Selene and sometimes a separate goddess. The other gods, angered, sent him two lions to tear him apart. [144] And, according to a scholium on Theocritus, Pindar wrote that lovesick women would pray to Selene for help, as Euripides apparently had Phaedra, Selene's great-niece, do in his lost play Hippolytus Veiled. The Theoi Project galleries contain more than 1,200 images of ancient Greek and Roman art. Selene has a minor planet named after her, called 580 Selene. Many of Selenes epithetsincluding (agl, gleaming), (pasiph, all-shining), and (tanyspteros, long-winged)reflected her lunar qualities and other distinctive attributes. [108], In antiquity, artistic representations of Selene/Luna included sculptural reliefs, vase paintings, coins, and gems. 68 A75 D-K). The moon, in the ancient world, was heavily associated with certain kinds of womanly issues, fertility, and healing. Selene is often eclipsed by the popularity of Artemis as a lunar goddess, but as the personification of the moon itself she had a significant impact on the lives and views of the Greek people. The History of Guns, Greek Mythology: Stories, Characters, Gods, and Culture, Aztec Mythology: Important Stories and Characters, Greek Gods and Goddesses: Family Tree and Fun Facts, Roman Gods and Goddesses: The Names and Stories of 29 Ancient Roman Gods, Descriptions of Selene, Goddess of the Moon, Greek Myths featuring the Moon Goddess Selene, iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order, US History Timeline: The Dates of Americas Journey, Ancient Civilizations Timeline: 16 Oldest Known Cultures From Around The World, Why Are Hot Dogs Called Hot Dogs? She began to do this every night, leaving her chariot behind and making the sky dark with her absence. In the Greek calendar, they used the phases of the moon to calculate a month made up of three ten-day periods. Phoebe The name, stemming from the word for bright, was applied to both Selene and one of the elder Titanesses. There are three different ways you can cite this article. [109] In red-figure pottery before the early 5th century BC, she is depicted only as a bust, or in profile against a lunar disk. Selene detail from a sarcophagus, imperial period. A third version of the story had Endymion himself choose an ageless sleep as opposed to living a mortal life. . Her brother Helios shone as the sun, while her sister Eos was the goddess of the dawn. Selene was not the only lunar goddess of the Greeks. Selene was represented on the pedestal of the throne of Zeus at Olympia, riding on a horse or a mule; 12 and at Elis there was a statue of her with two horns. There existed an oracular sanctuary for her in Laconia, near Thalamai. [103], In Lucian's Icaromenippus, Selene complains to the titular Menippus of all the outrageous claims philosophers are making about her, such as wondering why she is ever waxing or gibbous, whether she is populated or not, and stating that she is getting her stolen light from the Sun, causing strife and ill feelings between her and her brother. Thus, Selene falling for Endymion was supposed to represent moonrise every night. Lilaeon. The Story of Selene. [93] Aelian states: "They say that the Lion of Nemea fell from the moon", and quotes Epimenides as saying:[94], For I am sprung from fair-tressed Selene the Moon, who in a fearful shudder shook off the savage lion in Nemea, and brought him forth at the bidding of Queen Hera. Some nymphs in Greek mythology were famous, but others were only known in a certain time Apollo: The God of Music, Poetry, and Light, Hecate Greek Goddess of Witchcraft : The Complete Guide. She was depicted as a woman riding sidesaddle on a horse or driving a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds. After all, mythology is storytelling at its finest. Nyx is the goddess of the night and is thus associated with the new moon. It seems that Selene was not uninvolved in the twelve tasks of Heracles either. She was the Greek goddess of the Moon and her sisters were the Eos and Helios. In the center of the main panel Selene descends from her chariot, whose horses are held by a nymph, to join Endymion, who lies to the right. According to the Homeric Hymn 32, Selene and Zeus together had a daughter named Pandia. [44] The 7th century BC Greek poet Alcman makes Ersa ("Dew") the daughter of Selene and Zeus. The moon goddess was said to have had several lovers, including Zeus and the wild god Pan. Every evening, Selene ushered in nightfall and then drove her chariot through the night before giving way to dawn. According to Hesiods Theogony, Selene was born of Hyperion and Theia. See esp. 3/4, 1973, pp. While we often think little of the moon today, in the ancient Greek world the moons cyclical movement through the sky played a central role in their concept of time. The scientist Jons Jacob Berzelius named it such since the element was very similar in nature to tellurium, which was named after the Earth, whose Greek name is Tellus. Hyginus, preface to Fabulae. Often she was shown in a chariot drawn by a team of horses or oxen, but other times there was no chariot, and Selene would instead appear on the back of a horse or mule. [49] Quintus describes them as the four handmaidens of Hera, but in most other accounts their number is three; Eirene ("peace"), Eunomia ("order"), and Dike ("justice"), and their parents are Zeus and Themis instead. Only a handful of religious centers of Selene are known from the ancient world. Selene and Endymion, in the mural above the stage of the Friedrich von Thiersch Saal in the Wiesbaden Kurhaus. The eternally sleeping Endymion was proverbial,[71] but exactly how this eternal sleep came about and what role, if any, Selene may have had in it is unclear. Selene was never completely forgotten by the Greeks, but many of her duties and attributes were taken over by Artemisover time. [102], Plutarch recorded a fable-like story in which Selene asked her mother to weave her a garment to fit her measure, and her mother replied that she was unable to do so, as she kept changing shape and size, sometimes full, then crescent-shaped and others yet half her size. The Homeric Hymn 31 sings praises to all the children of Hyperion, referring to Eos as rosy armed Eos and to Helios as tireless Helios.. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. The tale of Endymion and Selene is one that has resonated with people for millennia. Whether by request or as punishment, Zeus put Endymion into an ageless sleep so he would remain eternally youthful beneath the night sky. 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