It is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. 2015;29(2):12736. For example, Wadaja, a communal prayer ceremony, is a common rite practiced in Tehuluedere. Tooth decay, measles, or a broken bone are examples. In this framework, natural causes include beliefs that the impairment of health is a physiological consequence of some experience of the victim that is consistent with Western biomedicine. Google Scholar. 1983. p. 155. State Department guidelines note that staff with confirmed brain injuries from the disease are eligible for over $180,000 (150,000) each. Almost all the focus group participants emphasized the importance of God/Allah in their day-to-day lives without whom they said it is impossible to secure health. Park, K. (n.d.). After teaching microbiology for more than four years, he joined the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, to pursue his Ph.D. in collaboration with Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. As part of this endeavor, we will describe in this paper seven common Filipino cultural beliefs: namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. Constructing evidence within the qualitative project. Google Scholar. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). There are an estimated 100 million malaria cases with over 300,000 deaths per year in Nigeria. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Almost all the focus group participants identified better food production as a contributor to health: We keep healthy when we produce enough food and have work to do. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Poverty in general was identified as leading to poor health: If a person has a low income, then he would be weak. The .gov means its official. Many become sick from the filth on the sharp equipment [Male, Study Community # 4]. Would you like email updates of new search results? L. W. Feezer. Many natural objects were believed to be capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary humans. Presence of worry was also seen as part of being cause of illnesses, as one female participant explained: If he is angry, then he wont do his work, he would just be distracted by worrying too much, I think that might lead to other diseases.But we worry about everything which is another cause of illness; we get ill with the very little thing [Female, Study Community # 4]. Dr. Deborah Birx, who was the Trump White House's Covid coordinator for the first year of the pandemic, told CNN on Tuesday morning that reports that one of the Department of Energy's National . 2003;9(6):649. CAS These postulates enabled the germ theory of disease to achieve dominance in medicine over other theories, such as humors and miasma. In addition to that, diseases may be communicable or non-communicable. and transmitted securely. In our tradition people believe in qolle spirits (the spirit of individuals) is a guardian from illness and cause of illness. . Nigeria is now the second largest HIV disease burden in the world after South Africa which has 7.1 million (19% of global epidemic) burden of the disease, though prevalence is stable at 3.4% [38,39]. Article Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. 4th ed. Anderson R. The efficacy of ethnomedicine: research methods in trouble. Download Free PDF document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sagar Aryal is a microbiologist and a scientific blogger. Supernatural explanations also dominated the discourse of ill-health causation in our study. The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits (e.g., qolle or quteb) was observed to be common in the study population. All attention was focused on microbes and their role in disease causation. Cultural Competence in the Care of Muslim Patients and Their Families. %PDF-1.6
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Culturally-based attitudes about seeking treatment and trusting traditional medicines and folk remedies are rooted in core belief systems about illness causation, i.e., naturalistic, Ayurvedic, biomedical, etc. The narratives of health among Tehuledere communities include three major themes that explained causes of ill-health: (i) supernatural (ii) natural elements or physical causes: (iii) social elements such as mistrust, social support/family dynamics as well as violation of taboos and moral injunctions. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Galenhad written of the possibility of seeds of disease, a view which suggested a belief in the contagious nature of some diseases. Issues identified with administration and bureaucratic frameworks dont fit well with indigenous ill-health beliefs. 2005;60:50113. Antibiotic alternatives in veterinary therapeutics. Being an archipelago consisting of 7,107 islands, the Philippines has approximately 175 ethnolinguistic groups with their own unique cultural identity and health practices. Traditional healing and primary care: a socio-cultural study in a rural Tehuledere community, North-Eastern Ethiopia. Medical anthropology. Epub 2021 Nov 26. (3) ecosocial theory and related multi-level frameworks. Ali A. If we see someone leave home at the wrong time, we say he is going to bring affliction [Male, Study Community # 4]. According to this theory, the human body contains blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. Following introductory discussions with community leaders/representatives, ten focus group discussion sessions (one all male and one all-female in each kebele) were conducted. 93 0 obj
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If Allah wants you to stay healthy, you stay healthy. Kahissay, M., Fenta, T. & Boon, H. Beliefs and perception of ill-health causation: a socio-cultural qualitative study in rural North-Eastern Ethiopia. Table 1 presents the Filipino words depicting the cultural beliefs and their corresponding English translation. Federal Ministry of Health. Data obtained from observations and conversations were recorded in field notes, photographs, and audio-recordings. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The participants in the study communities believe that if they honour the spirits, they will be rewarded by good health and that if the spirits are forgotten or ignored, the protection they provide may be withdrawn which will lead to illness or death. Theories of Disease causation Liu Q, Ho KY, Lam KK, Lam WY, Cheng EH, Ching SS, Wong FK. Naturalistic theory A theory of a disease causation where illness results from upset of the balance between the person and environment Naturalistic theory examples;Humoral , Ayurvedic ,and vitalistic approaches Humoral theory The study communities rejoiced in their culture of eating together and sharing with those in need. Kickbush I. Sicknesses, epidemics, contagious diseases and even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged qolle spirits. The emphasis on culture in our genetic counseling training recognizes its crucial role in molding an individual's conceptualization of health, as well as other life aspects, especially since the Filipino culture is a mixture of indigenous as well as imported and borrowed elements. [Female, Study Community # 5]. Another example is the initiation of men by the Abegar, a name given to male community opinion leaders who are regarded as human agents who invoke the cult as the instigator of ill-health. January 29, 2022 by Sagar Aryal The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory for many diseases. 0
Sections of original transcripts and key quotes considered to be illustrative of the emerging themes were translated into English to facilitate discussion with the full research team as needed, because one of the research team members, HB, was a non-Amharic speakerIndividual codes and themes were discussed at group meetings until consensus was reached on basic themes and subthemes across the focus groups and interviews. hbbd```b`` (0
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People in our village sterilize the equipment they use for these purposes. The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century, and it is no longer accepted as a scientific theory of disease. Terms and Conditions, 8600 Rockville Pike These areas overlap with epidemiological disease causing theories that would appear reasonable to modern medical science. 12. Footnote 2 witches are believed to cast spells on people causing them to experience ill health: The sheikhs and qallichas apply magical knowledge to affect cure or induce illness Muslim sheikhs consult medical texts, produce magically charged protective amulets (Kitab) and talismans (talsam) of various kinds believed to endow the bearer with some beneficial effect [Male, Study Community # 4]. Many of the participants in the study specifically related poverty and lack of appropriate food to ill health. Germ theory was the third disease causation theory with a characteristic marking of the onset of infectious diseases conquest. Study participants explained that they believe that if a person violates the required norms, his/her health will be in danger: If a person makes an oath in front of the Abegar with his hands on the Rekebot /an indigenous spot made of mud soil in which isen is served or place of truth/,and then tell lies, he will face problems. The move towards a new public health police. The other criterion was the interest shown by the health extension workers to collaborate in the study. Weiss RS. TWIO. Peterson DR. Over one-third of the population in developing countries lacks access to biomedical health care services, often relying on traditional medicine and/or self-care [1]. Acute and Chronic Malnutrition. Witchcraft beliefs in diseases causation and health-seeking behaviour in pregnancy of women in Calabar South-Nigeria . Felipe-Dimog EB, Tumulak MJR, Laurino MY, Daack-Hirsch S, Silao CLT, Conaco MCG, Padilla CD, Estacio LR Jr. J Community Genet. government site. Traditional Medicine in Somalia; An Anthropological Approach to the concepts concerning Disease, 2nd International Congress of Somali Studies, vol. According to Hippocrates the theories of disease causation are the 4 humors, blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile. We found that the causes of ill-health were constructed and negotiated within the socio-cultural context of the study communities. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press; 1980. Until now, the literature about the theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research has been scarce and fragmented, and lacking a convenient summary. Google Scholar. 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