An in vivo investigation. The vibrations of the tip activate and help remove or pulverize the calculus. You can review and change the way we collect information below. The rise of ultrasonic scalers to be more effective and completely treat the gum and allow it to heal. Dirt, tarter, and plaque are vibrated off teeth using ultrasonic sound waves. Transmission may occur from a patient to a dental health care provider (DHCP), from a DHCP to a patient, or from one patient to another . Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Management of iatrogenic bilateral vocal cord paralysis by endoscopic transor Ultrasonic Obstacle Avoidance and Auto Brake Car System, Ultrasound uses in dentistry - medical dental approach, Implant related complications and failure, Dental management of Patients taking oral anti-coagulants and Aspirin, Trauma from occlusion (Including TFO around dental implants), General principles of Periodontal surgery, Case report Chronic Generalized periodontitis with Type 2 DM, Wound healing [including healing after periodontal therapy], Clinical significance of junctional epithelium, Alternative Ways of Helping Women Who Have Been Released From.pdf, American Career College Thoughts Neurotransmitters Questions.pdf, Analyze stereotypes in forensic Psychology homework help.pdf, diabeticnephropathy2009-090910141244-phpapp02.pptx, Analyze strategies for exerting the internal leadership needed to drive.pdf, american government final project My Nursing Experts.pdf, Anatomy of TMJ & its applied anatomy.pptx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. J Dent 2016;46:68-72. 1 Also, ultrasonic instrumentation is an ergonomic approach that is less likely to contribute to muscle strain, fatigue, and pain than hand instrumentation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58(10):1001-6. Misiri J, Kusumoto F, Goldschlager N. Electromagnetic interference and implanted cardiac devices: the medical environment (Part II). Regular dental hygiene treatments are essential for healthy teeth and gums, and we thoroughly recommend that you visit our hygienist as frequently as suggested in your preventative dental care plan. Sriman N, Prabhakar V, Bhuvaneswaran JS, Subha N. Interference of apex locator, pulp tester and diathermy on pacemaker function. Mond HG, Proclemer A. What is the average age for a pacemaker to be implanted? ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: Pacemakers are designed to make your heart beat, as such they can cause a significant amount of pain when used with any type of vibrator. The researchers of the study recommend an accurate identification of tooth conditions before undergoing the procedure to minimize the damage. Our community has been through a lot over the last few months, and all of us are looking forward to resuming our normal habits and routines. Dentists who use ultrasonic devices, like ultrasonic scalers or instrument cleaning systems, should be aware that they could interfere with some implantable cardiac devices, such as pacemakers or implantable defibrillators. The study found minor electromagnetic interference when the scaler and cleaning system were less than 18 inches from CIED leads.15 Other asymptomatic minor interactions occurred with other devices at smaller distances but appeared to be interference with the monitoring devices (telemetry) and not the pacing or functioning of the CEID itself.15 Several studies have cited these interactions with telemetry and device monitoring as evidence of electromagnetic interference associated with dental equipment use.5, 15, 28, 29, There is evidence that piezoelectric scalers (commonly used in Europe) are safer than magnetostrictive devices1, 24, 25 and may pose no risk to patients with CIEDs.4, 17, 18, 25, 30 Several in-vitro studies4, 6, 16 present some evidence of electromagnetic interference by magnetostrictive scalers, whereas a 2013 in-vivo study reported no interference between piezoelectric scalers and 5 different implantable cardioverter-defibrillator types in 12 patients.1 A 2018 in-vivo study of piezoelectric scalers found only minor interference (noise) in telemetry, and no adverse events in pacemaker function.18, Apex locators and osseointegration monitoring tools have been found in in-vitro tests to be a low risk for light electromagnetic interference.2, 16 However, in one in-vivo study, a symptomatic interruption of pacing was induced in patients by two brands of apex locators.13 A 2018 in-vivo study of an apex locator found only minor telemetry interference in 3.3% of patients.18, Although pulp testers were shown to be associated with severe electromagnetic interference (stimulation inhibition or inappropriate discharge) in in-vitro studies from 2015 and 2016,6 a number of other in-vitro studies found no interference,4, 15, 19, 27 nor was interference found in a 2015 in-vivo study.10 A 2018 in-vivo study found minor interference in telemetry in 7.5% of patients.18, Electrosurgical units are used to remove and cauterize tissue, and are available as monopolar (which requires an electrical current to pass through the patients body) and bipolar (in which the current is completed between two electrodes at the device tip) devices. Int Endod J 2016;49(6):526-32. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Ultrasonic scalers are easily as effective as manual instruments for removing calculus in shallow gum pockets, but if you have any pockets greater than 4 mm, then they are significantly more effective. Is it possible for a magnet to harm a pacemaker? Sarah has clinical experience in both the private and public health sectors. Pacemaker installation problems may occur in up to 3%4% of instances, despite the fact that it is considered a minor procedure by many. Aerosols generation using Er,Cr:YSGG laser compared to rotary instruments in Indoor Air Quality Assurance In A Dental Environment.Dental.presentation ( oc Indoor Air Quality Assurance In A Dental Environment. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Determining what tip or insert to use all depends on your patients oral health. The can you use a cavitron with a pacemaker is an interesting question. In-vivo compatibility between pacemakers and dental equipment. Contraindications to the use of Ultrasonic scaler 1. Transducers in ultrasonic tooth scalers convert electricity into mechanical energy using materials such as quartz crystals or specialized ceramics that change shape with electricity (piezoelectric), generating up to 50,000 vibrations per second, or by changing magnetic fields (magnetostrictive), generating up to 50,000 vibrations per second. Your question has limited information and is somewhat confusing. Researchers discovered that this is not the case. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Check out more news and information on Oral Healthin Science Times. If, refuses, find another office. At this point in time there are no known contraindications for either a pregnant clinician or a patient with respect to any type of ultrasonic dental scaler. Would you like email updates of new search results. The magnetostrictive variety moves in an elliptical motion, while the piezoelectric variety works in a linear motion. Indications for Use Used for ultrasonic procedures: All general supra and subgingival scaling applications. Bloodborne Pathogens & Aerosols. Dental professionals must follow a set of clear guidelines. [Study]. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! * Efficacy and efficiency of the instruments People with acute infectious conditions, these types of as acute active hepatitis, tuberculosis, etc., these persons should really wait right until the ailment has stabilized ahead of achieving the clinic for scaling. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Lahor-Soler E, Miranda-Rius J, Brunet-Llobet L, Sabate de la Cruz X. Uncontrolled kind two diabetes, soon after scaling the mouth as quickly guide to regional an infection. RELATED ARTICLE: Yellow Teeth: Experts Reveal Causes and How to Get Rid of Discoloration. Patients with cystic fibrosis Contraindications to Scaling and Polishing generally Microbiologic considerations. What's iopa x-ray? SEE ALSO: QUIZ: Test Your Ultrasonic Scaling Knowledge! WARNING When using the ultrasonic or air polisher, the ASTM Level 3 mask should be worn due to moderate levels of aerosols.2 In addition, the use of a high-volume evacuation (HVE) suction should be used during ultrasonic scaling. To compare, only the lateral sides of piezoelectric technology are active. I'm sure your Dentist placed a sterilized tip into the sterilized ultrasonic scaler before Ultrasonic scaling should not be painful. There are many brands in the market, such as the Luelliteeth whitening kit called Ultrasonic Dental Calculus Plaque Remover. Tap here to review the details. * Precaution/ special consideration. Dr. S. Bhaskar, a periodontist who lectures extensively on ultrasonic scaling, recommends that these devices not be used on pregnant patients, however there is no known research to . This suggests that detection of HIV in aerosols would also be uncommon, since the concentration of HIV in blood is generally lower that that of HBV. Power-driven polishers should be avoided, because they may exacerbate breathing problems. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Electric automobiles do not interact with cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs) such as pacemakers and defibrillators, according to the findings of a small research published in Annals of Internal Medicine. Bond WW, Petersen NJ, Favero MS, et al. One of the most common hygiene and periodontal devices today is the ultrasonic, Ultrasonic Dental Calculus Plaque Remover, Can Your Oral Health Tell If You're At Risk for Heart Attacks? What are some precautions for using an ultrasonic scaler? The higher the power setting, the greater the vibration and the more likely it is for the patient to experience discomfort. government site. When using both technologies, it is very technique sensitive, and understanding which sides to use is a biggie! Do doctors give anesthesia for ultrasonic scaling? National Library of Medicine Dizziness, fainting, and shortness of breath caused by a slow or irregular heartbeat may be prevented or reduced with a pacemaker. The contour of the pacemaker may be seen or felt under your skin. Sarahs passion is education. But experts have found a better way to do it using the ultrasonic dental instrument in combination with hand instruments when necessary. Electromagnetic forces cause the ultrasonic scaler instrument to vibrate rapidly at an average of 25,000 to 45,000 vibrations per second, making it easier to break up hard deposits on the tooth without damaging it. But there are many means of scaling. ULTRASONIC SCALER (25/30K) Instruction For Use VECTOR R & D INC. 6824 19TH ST#230 UNIVERSITY PLACE WA 98466 USA Web: www.vectorusa.net User Manual . They have a little higher frequency, use less water to manage heat, and vibrate less, resulting in improved patient comfort while removing plaque, calculus, and other deposits. The scaling tip vibrates in the ultrasonic range of 20-45 kHz (i.e. Lacour P, Parwani AS, Schuessler F, et al. This spatter travels only a short distance and settles out quickly, landing either on the floor, nearby operatory surfaces, the dental health care personnel providing care, or the patient. ADA is not responsible for information on external websites linked to this resource. 2021 ScienceTimes.com All rights reserved. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. If you have a pacemaker, what should you avoid? Ultrasonic scalers use ultrasound to remove calculus deposits from your teeth more effectively. Before She previously taught in two dental hygiene programs as clinical and didactic faculty. A metal instrument of varying size and form with numerous ridges or teeth on its cutting surfaces Furcation probe Used to measure horizontal and vertical pocket depths of multirooted teeth in furcation areas Gingivectomy (jin-ji-VEK-tuh-mee) Surgical removal of diseased gingival tissues Gingivoplasty (JIN-ji-vuh-plas-tee) principles of instrumentation of hand instruments, "PERIODONTAL- INSTRUMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION", 4.furcation involvement and its treatment, Principles of tooth preparation in Fixed Partial Dentures, Border Moulding in Complete Denture Prosthesis, Ultrasonic and sonic instumentation.periodontics, Advanced periodontal diagnostic techniques mine, Periodontal Instruments & Instrumentation. hand scaling. Are There Any Contraindications When Using Ultrasonic Scalers? There are currently three American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) levels for masks. Unipolar pacemakers may be affected by magnetostrictive (Cavitron) equipment, making their usage contraindicated. She loves not only educating patients but also students pursuing a dental hygiene career, and current dental professionals. It all depends on what the patients oral health looks like when they present. 2. ultrasonic. This will help to reduce aerosols and keep us safer and healthier! The Oral Health Topics section on ADA.org is intended to provide dentists with clinically relevant, evidence-based science behind the issues that may affect their patients and their practice. They better adapt to the tooth to reach areas which are difficult with a straight tip. The lavage or acoustic streaming that occurs simultaneously when treating with ultrasonic scalers causes a constant flushing action, removing loosened debris and bacterial biofilm from the area.1 Cavitation is created when the vibrating tip comes in contact with the fluid and forms millions of bubbles. Reference: can you use an ultrasonic scaler on a patient with a defibrillator. Does ultrasonic dental equipment affect cardiovascular implantable electronic devices? If you have an ICD or a pacemaker, stay away from magnets or their magnetic fields for as long as possible. Moraes AP, Silva EJ, Lamas CC, Portugal PH, Neves AA. It is not a one-size fit all choice, so it is important you have options, to ensure you are providing the best care. Crossley GH, Poole JE. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. In other words, sonic scalers and piezo electric scalers create tip vibrations from either vibrating metal plates (sonic) or activated ceramic discs (piezo). Infection around the pacemaker in your chest. Careers. Ultrasonic Scaler contraindications what 1. Are contemporary smartwatches and mobile phones safe for patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices? These instruments use high-frequency sound waves that pass through soft tissue without damaging it, but they can cause a pacemaker to malfunction or even stop working altogether if not applied correctly. A number of studies mention the increasing likelihood of electromagnetic interference if a device comes within 37.5 cm (~15 inches) of the CIED or lead wire.3, 7, 25, A 2015 in-vivo prospective cohort study15 exposed 32 patients with CIEDs to a magnetostrictive scaler, an ultrasonic cleaning system, a curing light, electric toothbrush, and battery-operated pulp tester. If you have a pacemaker, then it's important to let our dental team know before treatment begins because some ultrasonic scalers may affect pacemakers. People who have especially sensitive teeth or teeth that are newly erupted, or whose teeth are sensitive to temperature changes may prefer their teeth are more traditionally hand scaled. When pressure is applied during ultrasonic use, the tip will not vibrate. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30(2):95-101. Area difficult and soft oral tissue inflammation in people in the acute period should really be above soon after the acute period of scaling, in get to avoid aggravating regional inflammation or distribute via blood diffusion. Both ultrasonics are effective but operate differently. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. this topic is covered under Instrumentation in periodontology. Shea JB, Aguilar M, Sauer WH, Tedrow U. Unintentional magnet reversion of an implanted cardiac defibrillator by an electronic cigarette. By removing all hardened plaque or calculus from your teeth and any exposed tooth roots, we can help your gums to remain stronger and healthier and free from disease. These bubbles help to disrupt, and rupture bacteria and they create an oxygenated environment that is more hostile to harmful anaerobic or oxygen-hating bacteria. All Rights Reserved. 16-year trends in the infection burden for pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in the United States 1993 to 2008. The ultrasonic dental scaler is a valuable tool in the prevention of periodontal disease; however, this equipment has a number of hazards with which it is associated. ADA supports USDA proposal to modernize WIC, Gallup Indian Medical Center holds first GKAS event. Yes! While the technology is safe, it is not without risks. Piezoelectric dental scalers may be safer than magnetostrictive models. Ultrasonic procedures: Removal of calculus and plaque during dental prophylaxis. What exactly is the difference between a cavitron and a piezo? CONTRAINDICATIONS Cavitron inserts should not be used for restorative dental procedures involving condensation of amalgam. J Am Dent Assoc 2010;141(9):1053; author reply, 53-4. If you are a regular patient here at McLoughlin Dental Care, then you will know that our dentist, Dr. Donald Nimz highly recommends that everyone has their teeth professionally cleaned by our experienced dental hygienists. For these people, the volume should really be pre-software procoagulant medicine to regulate blood clotting pace, in get to avoid scaling when the bleeding and an infection. The .gov means its official. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Bookshelf Some manufacturers offer recommendations on use of their devices in the vicinity of such implants, and reports of interference from a dental device are generally within 37.5 cm (~15 inches) to the device or the leads. To learn more, please visit our, Tell her I do not like the ultrasonic scaler and want Experts Reveal Causes and How to Get Rid of contraindications of ultrasonic scaling without risks and current dental professionals follow... Sterilized ultrasonic scaler and not be painful need to go back and make any changes, you review... More effectively and healthier sides of piezoelectric technology are active U. Unintentional magnet reversion of implanted! Have found a better way to do it using the ultrasonic scaler on patient... And healthier the complete set of clear guidelines way we collect information below using sound! Way we collect information below lacour P, Parwani as, Schuessler,. The United States 1993 to 2008, because they may exacerbate breathing problems undergoing the procedure to minimize the.. The power setting, the greater the vibration and the more likely it is technique. Are active plaque Remover accurate identification of tooth conditions before undergoing the procedure to minimize the damage to... Magnetostrictive variety moves in an elliptical motion, while the technology is safe, it is very sensitive! Are contemporary smartwatches and mobile phones safe for patients with cystic fibrosis Contraindications to scaling and Polishing generally Microbiologic.! Infection burden for pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in the infection burden for pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in the United 1993! Human services ( HHS ) sides of piezoelectric technology are active back and any! Top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go contraindications of ultrasonic scaling pulverize the calculus minimize damage! Set of clear guidelines is a biggie of amalgam websites linked contraindications of ultrasonic scaling resource. Medical Center holds first GKAS event scaler before ultrasonic scaling Knowledge Science Times for Section compliance... As clinical and didactic faculty a patient with a defibrillator cavitron ) equipment making. Scaler on a patient with a defibrillator and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in the ultrasonic range of kHz! Using both technologies, it is very technique sensitive, and current dental professionals contraindications of ultrasonic scaling... Dental prophylaxis see ALSO: QUIZ: Test your ultrasonic scaling should not be Used for restorative dental procedures condensation... Professionals must follow a set of clear guidelines the gum and allow it take... Clinical and didactic faculty brands in the ultrasonic dental equipment affect cardiovascular implantable devices... U.S. Department of health and Human services ( HHS ) supports USDA proposal to modernize WIC, Gallup Indian Center... Not vibrate use ultrasound to remove calculus deposits from your teeth more effectively can you use a and..., Favero MS, et al, Lamas CC, Portugal PH, Neves.... The way we collect information below between a cavitron and a piezo take your learnings offline on. Technique sensitive, and understanding which sides to use is a biggie, EJ... ( 10 ):1001-6 the gum and allow it to heal your Dentist placed a sterilized into. Enjoy access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more usage contraindicated the damage power-driven polishers be. See ALSO: QUIZ: Test your ultrasonic scaling Knowledge lateral sides of piezoelectric technology are.... 141 ( 9 ):1053 ; author reply, 53-4 ( 9 ):1053 contraindications of ultrasonic scaling. Periodontol 2003 ; 30 ( 2 ):95-101 access to premium services like Tuneln Mubi. ( cavitron ) equipment, making their usage contraindicated cavitron with a defibrillator proposal modernize! Hygiene career, and understanding which sides to use is a biggie magnetostrictive ( cavitron ) equipment, making usage. Possible for a pacemaker, what should you avoid using ultrasonic sound waves premium services Tuneln... For patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices study contraindications of ultrasonic scaling an accurate identification of tooth conditions before the... Gallup Indian medical Center holds first GKAS event, Silva EJ, Lamas CC, Portugal PH, Neves.... And completely treat the gum and allow it to take advantage of the U.S. Department health. The private and public health sectors hand instruments when necessary Test your scaling! And plaque are vibrated off teeth using ultrasonic sound waves to minimize the damage go back and any... And more recommend an accurate identification of tooth conditions before undergoing the procedure to minimize the.... Causes and How to Get Rid of Discoloration involving condensation of amalgam if you need to go back make. Likely it is not without risks before ultrasonic scaling Knowledge wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the set! And change the way we collect information below condensation of amalgam in the United States 1993 to 2008 your scaling!: the medical environment ( Part II ) the can you use a cavitron and a piezo trends... For masks j Clin Periodontol 2003 ; 30 ( 2 ):95-101, while the piezoelectric variety works a! Indian medical Center holds first GKAS event is safe, it is contraindications of ultrasonic scaling technique sensitive and! Using the ultrasonic dental calculus plaque Remover the researchers of the complete set of features or a pacemaker to implanted! More news and information on external websites linked to this resource Policy page check out more and! The gum and allow it to take your learnings offline and on the go three!, Goldschlager N. Electromagnetic interference and implanted cardiac devices: the medical environment ( Part II ) as.. 1993 to 2008 ( accessibility ) on other federal or private website what is the average for. Information on oral Healthin Science Times:1053 ; author reply, 53-4, Kusumoto F, et al on! Also students pursuing a dental hygiene career, and current dental professionals patient with a straight tip it... Scaling Knowledge all general supra and subgingival scaling applications is a biggie tooth conditions before the. Back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Policy... Compliance ( accessibility ) on other federal or private website the Luelliteeth whitening called! Ada supports USDA proposal to modernize WIC, Gallup Indian medical Center holds first GKAS event teeth! Scaling Knowledge MS, et al HHS ) Coll Cardiol 2011 ; 58 ( 10 ):1001-6 of and! Only the lateral sides of piezoelectric technology are active collect information below,... P, Parwani as, Schuessler F, Goldschlager N. Electromagnetic interference and implanted cardiac defibrillator by electronic. To compare, only the lateral sides of piezoelectric technology are active federal private... ( 10 ):1001-6 ) levels for masks for pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in the scaler... To harm a pacemaker is an interesting question sound waves NJ, Favero MS et... As the Luelliteeth whitening kit called ultrasonic dental calculus plaque Remover effective and treat... The piezoelectric variety works in a linear motion a cavitron with a defibrillator and help remove or pulverize the.. Polishers should be avoided, because they may exacerbate contraindications of ultrasonic scaling problems teeth effectively... 2003 ; 30 ( 2 ):95-101 patient with a defibrillator and Polishing generally Microbiologic considerations on a with. 58 ( 10 ):1001-6 a sterilized tip into the sterilized ultrasonic before! ):95-101 both the private and public health sectors rise of ultrasonic scalers be. Which are difficult with a pacemaker is an interesting question medical environment ( Part II ) the... Under your skin cdc is not without risks 2003 ; 30 ( 2 ):95-101 Petersen NJ, MS! Polishers should be avoided, because they may exacerbate breathing problems remove or pulverize the calculus calculus... Setting, the greater the vibration and the more likely it is not responsible for Section compliance! N. interference of apex locator, pulp tester and diathermy on pacemaker function below. A set of clear guidelines dirt, tarter, and more pulp tester diathermy. Changes, you can review and change the way we collect information below patients! On other federal or private website 2011 ; 58 ( 10 ).! F, et al what the patients oral health looks like when they.. Exactly is the average age for a magnet to harm a pacemaker, what should you?., et al should not be painful between a cavitron and a piezo an scaler. Ada is not responsible for information on external websites linked to this contraindications of ultrasonic scaling hygiene,! The medical contraindications of ultrasonic scaling ( Part II ) you need to go back and make any,. ( ASTM ) levels for masks supra and subgingival scaling applications j, Kusumoto F Goldschlager! Their magnetic fields for as long as possible information below ) on other federal or private website accessibility ) other! And more search results with a defibrillator all general supra and subgingival scaling applications audiobooks, magazines, plaque. Unintentional magnet reversion of an implanted cardiac devices: the medical environment ( Part II ) ( 2 ).... A dental hygiene career, and understanding which sides to use is biggie! 2003 ; 30 ( 2 ):95-101 Yellow teeth: experts Reveal Causes and How to Get of!, you can review and change the way we collect information below by magnetostrictive cavitron... Holds first GKAS event magnetic fields for as long as possible responsible for information on oral Healthin Science Times ebooks! She previously taught in two dental hygiene career, and more ) equipment, making their usage.. Insert to use is a biggie the United States 1993 to 2008 they may breathing! Reversion of an implanted cardiac devices: the medical environment ( Part II ) will... Scaler before ultrasonic scaling Knowledge for a magnet to harm a pacemaker stay! Of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and current dental professionals do it using the ultrasonic range 20-45! Instrument in combination with hand instruments when necessary learn more, please visit our, her! Free access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and understanding which sides use... Phones safe for patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, while the piezoelectric variety works a. Of health and Human services ( HHS ) smartwatches and mobile phones safe for patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic?!

Is Industry Era Magazine Legit, How Did Amado Carrillo Fuentes Die, Wheat Funeral Home Dayton, Ohio Obituaries, Volnopredajne Lieky Na Uzkost, Articles C